Methods Sample 24Mg ppm 29Si ppm 44Ca ppm 47Ti ppm 56Fe ppm 59Co ppm 66Zn ppm 88Sr ppm 208Pb ppm

ICP-MS

Autoclaved bone pellets 150.1 ± 2.8 6.19 ± 1.92 9807.2 ± 83.6 0.68 ± 0.13 2.9 ± 0.57 0.0016 ± 0.00028 2.95 ± 0.18 10.54 ± 1.38 0.0092 ± 0.0004
Non-autoclaved bone pellets 156.9 ± 3.2 6.89 ± 1.99 9828.4 ± 66.4 0.62 ± 0.12 2.64 ± 0.5 0.031 ± 0.0016 3.14 ± 0.28 19.48 ± 0.92 0.0081 ± 0.0002
Naïve bone fragments 536.9 ± 394 274.3 ± 271.15 9619.3 ± 189.8 8.84 ± 9.25 33.88 ± 28.48 12.78 ± 10.86 29.9 ± 17.34 10.03 ± 0.5 0.06 ± 0.061

ICP-AES

Non-autoclaved bone powders 247.4 ± 25.7 1.13 ± 0.17 13105 ± 1123.5 -0.44 ± 0.041 2.78 ± 0.324 0.82 ± 0.027 5.1 ± 0.19 27.2 ± 0.91 -0.76 ± 0.102
*Note: ± values are standard deviations calculated from 25 replicates for each group
Table 2: Elemental contents (ppm) for bovine bone samples.