Electrolytes plasma concentrations (mmol/L) course in rats before (A) and after (B) furosemide, with or without BPC 157 medication
  1. Course in rats before furosemide
 Drug protocol: Furosemide challenge
  1. Course in rats after  furosemide
Drug protocol: saline, BPC 157, BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine i.p. or nothing Electrolytes plasma concentrations (mmol/L) Electrolytes plasma concentrations (mmol/L) Drug protocol: saline, BPC 157, BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine i.p. or nothing Electrolytes plasma concentrations (mmol/L) Regimen
K Na Cl K Na Cl   K Na Cl P
R
O
P
H
Y
L
A
C
T
I
C
saline+ 4.3±0.9 133.1±0.9 79.7±2.6 +Furosemide 2.7±0.3* 134.3±1.5 80.5±3.7   / 2.7±0.2* 134.2±25 79.4±2.7
BPC157 10μg/kg+ 4.4±0.3 133.7±1.1 78.5±3.2 +Furosemide 2.8±0.2* 134.5±1.1 79.7±3.1   / 2.7±0.4* 134.1±0.6 80.7±2.9
L-NAME+ 4.3±0.9 133.5±1.0 78.4±1.9 +Furosemide 2.9±0.3* 133.5±1.8 77.7±2.9   / 2.9±0.5* 133.7±1.1 78.8±1.9
L-NAME + BPC 157 4.2±0.8 133.5±0.9 79.2±2.3 +Furosemide 2.7±0.2* 134.8±2.1 78.9±3.5   / 2.8±0.5* 133.7±1.5 80.6±2.1
L-arginine+ 4.3±0.4 134.1±1.8 79.3±3.1 +Furosemide 2.8±0.1* 134.2±1.6 80.1±2.6   / 2.7±0.2* 134.1±1.3 80.3±3.2
L-arginine + BPC 157+ 4.2±0.5 133.9±1.4 79.8±2.5 +Furosemide 2.7±0.3* 133.8±2.2 80.3±2.1   / 2.7±0.2* 135.0±1.7 79.2±2.5
L-NAME + L-arginine+ 4.3±0.4 134.1±1.8 79.3±3.1 +Furosemide 2.8±0.2* 135.1±0.9 79.6±2.5   / 2.8±0.1* 133.9±1.2 80.9±1.8
L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157+ 4.4±0.7 133.9±1.4 79.8±2.5 +Furosemide 2.7±0.3* 134.7±1.7 81.1±3.1   / 2.7±0.2* 134.2±2.1 81.2±2.2
  / 4.4±0.9 133.1±1.2 79.7±2.5 Furosemide+ 2.6±0.3* 133.3±1.6 81.5±3.4 + saline 2.8±0.3* 134.5±1.8 78.9±2.8 T
H
E
R
A
P
E
U
T
I
C
/ 4.3±0.7 132.7±1.0 78.5±3.0 Furosemide+ 2.8±0.2* 133.5±1.8 78.7±3.1 +BPC 157  2.7±0.4* 134.2±1.9 80.1±1.9
  / 4.3±0.7 134.5±1.3 79.4±2.0 Furosemide+ 2.8±0.2* 134.5±1.4 79.7±3.0 +L-NAME 2.9±0.2* 133.7±2.1 77.9±3.2
  / 4.2±0.8 134.5±0.9 79.2±1.9 Furosemide+ 2.6±0.3* 133.8±2.0 77.9±3.1 +L-NAME + BPC 157 2.8±0.1* 135.1±1.5 81.0±2.4
/ 4.3±0.5 134.1±1.6 78.3±3.2 Furosemide+ 2.7±0.2* 133.2±1.6 79.9±2.6 + L-arginine 2.7±0.1* 134.4±2.3 79.5±2.1
/ 4.3±0.5 134.9±1.5 79.8±2.1 Furosemide+ 2.8±0.3* 133.8±2.3 80.1±2.2 + L-arginine + BPC 157 2.8±0.3* 133.4±1.9 77.8±2.6
/ 4.3±0.7 132.1±1.4 79.3±3.0 Furosemide+ 2.8±0.3* 134.1±1.4 79.6±2.0 +L-NAME + L-arginine 2.8±0.4* 134.8±1.7 81.1±2.8
/ 4.3±0.7 133.9±1.5 79.8±2.3 Furosemide+ 2.6±0.3* 134.7±1.8 80.4±2.9 +L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157 2.7±0.3* 134.1±1.5 80.5±3.1
Medication at 15 min before furosemide Presentation before furosemide challenge Furosemide (100 mg/kg i.p.) challenge Presentation at 90 minute after furosemide challenge Medication at 90 min after furosemide Presentation at 150 min after furosemide challenge  
Presentation at 60 min after BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine/saline medication (therapeutic regimen)
Table 1B: Electrolytes plasma concentrations (mmol/L), means ±SEM. L-NAME and L-arginine administered intraperitoneally prophylactically before furosemide (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or alternatively, as a therapy, after furosemide, when hypokalemia- third-degree AV block and ventricular tachycardia were already established. *P<0.05, at least vs. initial presentation (italic) without furosemide.