REGIMEN STUDY GROUPS Total AV block ( QRS complex duration, ventricular frequency) Ventricular tachycardia(torsades de pointes) (QRS complex duration, heart frequency)
THERAPEUTIC Medication at 90min after fursemide BASELINE before medication (per 5min.) 5–60 min. after medication BASELINE before Medication (per 5 min.) 5–60 min. after medication
QRS complex duration (msec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min) QRS complex duration (msec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min) QRS complex duration (msec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min) QRS complex duration (msec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min)
CONTROL (SALINE 5ml/kg) 31.7±1.4 99.4±2.1 32.1±1.3 ¥ 93.6±4.1 ¥ 30.9±1.8 289.8±4.1 34.4±2.4 ¥ 284.1±3.6 ¥
BPC 157 10µg/kg ip 32.1±1.3 97.2±4.1 23.9±2.1 †*¥ 90.1±2.3 ¥ 31.5±2.1 282.3±3.7 27.5±3.1 ¥ 261.3±3.7 †*¥
BPC157 10ng/kg 30±1.1 93±3.2 25±1.1*¥ 95±2.5¥ 33.1±1.1 292±4.0 24.5±2.0¥ 250.1±2.1†*¥
L-NAME 31.7±1.2 98.5±2.7 35.7±2.8 ¥ 91.6±4.1 ¥ 32.1±1.5 284.1±3.5 35.9±2.1 ¥ 289.4±3.2 ¥
L-NAME + BPC 157 31.9±1.5 99.2±3.2 27.3±1.8 †*¥ 100.1±2.3 ¥ 31.5±1.1 289.8±4.1 32.1±2.4 ¥ 271.8±4.1 †*¥
L-arginine 31.1±1.8 96.9±3.6 28.9±2.5¥ 94.9±3.9 ¥ 32.1±1.3 288.3±3.1 30.4±2.3 ¥ 279.3±3.7 ¥
L-arginine + BPC 157 31.8±1.4 97.6±2.1 22.9±1.9 †*¥ 102.6±1.2 ¥ 32.4±1.9 285.4±3.8 28.6±1.5 ¥ 267.4±2.9 †*¥
L-NAME + Larginine 32.1±1.3 99.5±2.7 23.2±3.1 †*¥ 96.2±3.4 ¥ 31.8±1.7 291.2±3.3 34.5±2.5 ¥ 286.2±3.9 ¥
L-NAME + Larginine + BPC 157 32.2±1.6 98.3±3.2 24.3±2.4 †*¥ 102.3±2.5 ¥ 31.9±2.3 289.3±2.9 30.1±2.8 ¥ 269.3±3.7 †*¥
PROPHYLACTIC Medication at 15min before furosemide STUDY GROUPS Total AV block ( QRS complex duration. ventricular frequency) Ventricular tachycardia(torsades de pointes) (QRS complex duration. heart frequency)
BASELINE 90min after furosemide appplication 95–150 min. after furosemide appplication BASELINE 90min after furosemide appplication 95–1500 min. after furosemide appplication
QRS complex duration (sec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min) QRS complex duration (sec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min) QRS complex duration (sec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min) QRS complex duration (sec) Ventricular frequency (beats/min)
BPC 157 10µg/kg N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
BPC 157 10ng/kg N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
L-NAME 35.7±1.8 99.4±1.4 42.1±2.2 ¥ 86.6±5.3 ¥ 38.9±1.8 296.8±1.1 48.4±2.4 ¥ 277.1±5.6 ¥
L-NAME + BPC 157 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
L-arginine 26.4.±1.5 112.4±4.1 36.1±2.1 ¥ 105.6±6.2 ¥ 40.9±1.8 304.8±6.1 41.1±3.3 ¥ 296.1±3.1 ¥
L-arginine + BPC 157 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
L-NAME + L-arginine 33.2±1.0 100.4±3.6 36.1±1.1 ¥ 98.4±2.1 ¥ 33.4±2. 296.2±3.5 38.0±2.0 ¥ 288.1±5.0 ¥
L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Table 8: The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 μg/kg i.p.), L-NAME (5 mg/kg i.p.), inhibitor of NO-synthase, and L-arginine (100 mg/kg i.p.), substrate of NOsynthase on the interference interventricular implementation in furosemide-induced hypokalemic arrhythmias in the rat – THERAPEUTIC REGIMENT (Medication given 90 min. after furosemide). PROPHYLACTIC REGIMEN (Medication given at 15 min before furosemide). ¥ - Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure on one factor (P<0.05) difference between measurements depends on group membership. + P≤0.05 at least vs. control. * P≤0.05 at least vs. baseline.