| Parameters |
SC |
SM |
ARC |
ARM |
Disease |
Treatment |
D x T |
| P value |
P value |
P value |
| EDD, mm |
7.6 ± 0.09 |
6.9 ± 0.14b |
10.5 ± 0.19 |
9.1 ± 0.18c |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.042 |
| ESD, mm |
3.5 ± 0.11 |
3.1 ± 0.08 |
6.4 ± 0.27 |
4.9 ± 0.29c |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.0046 |
| SW, mm |
1.2 ± 0.02 |
1.4 ± 0.03 |
1.2 ± 0.04 |
1.4 ± 0.03 |
0.92 |
<0.0001 |
0.074 |
| PW, mm |
1.2 ± 0.04 |
1.3 ± 0.02 |
1.2 ± 0.05 |
1.3 ± 0.02 |
0.81 |
0.002 |
0.61 |
| RWT |
0.32 ± 0.008 |
0.39 ± 0.012 |
0.23 ± 0.006 |
0.30 ± 0.008 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.84 |
| EF, % |
78 ± 1.2 |
78 ± 1.2 |
62 ± 2.2 |
72 ± 2.4b |
<0.0001 |
0.017 |
0.017 |
SC: sham control (untreated), SM: sham metformin-treated animals, ARC, aortic regurgitation control group and ARM: aortic regurgitation metformin-treated animals.
EDD: end-diastolic diameter, ESD: end-systolic diameter, SW: septal wall thickness, PW: posterior wall thickness, RWT: relative wall thickness, EF: ejection fraction.
Measurements obtained under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. The number of animals per group is indicated in parenthesis. P values
from 2-way ANOVA analysis are shown on the right to evaluate separately the general impact of the disease or the metformin treatment and the interaction between disease
and treatment (D x T). b: p<0.01 and c: p<0.001 vs. untreated corresponding group from Bonferroni post-test if P<0.05 for D x T. |
