General factors |
Males
Age 10-39 years
Posttraumatic hypovolemic state
Reduced cardiopulmonary reserve |
Injury related factors |
Multiple fractures
Bilateral femur fractures
Femur shaft fractures
Lower extremity fractures
Traumatic fractures
Concomitant pulmonary injury |
Surgery related factors |
Intramedullary reamed and unreamed nailing after femoral fracture
Joint replacement after femoral fracture
Bilateral procedure
Joint replacement with high volume prosthesis |
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