| Author, year, Reference |
Method of VF initiation/model |
| Fenton and Karma, 1998 [9] |
Initial condition in all the simulations was an untwisted scroll wave with a straight filament obtained by stacking along the z-axis identical two-dimensional spiral waves, or identical two-dimensional broken plane waves |
| Garfinkel, et al. 1992 [30] |
Ouabain plus or minus epinephrine in arterial perfusate in rabbit hearts |
| Garfinkel et al. 1997 [31] |
Ventricular fibrillation was induced by a short burst of 60-Hz alternating current in dog hearts. |
| Garrey, 1914 [29] |
Strong faradic shocks in dog hearts. Studied termination of electrically induced VF |
| Gray et al. 1995 [11] |
Sustained fibrillation in isolated rabbit hearts |
| Karma, 1994 [8] |
Spiral wave breakup after a single spiral wave was initiated from a broken plane wave initial condition in numerical models |
| Kimura et al. 1986 [20] |
Runs of extrasystolic impulses induced by premature stimuli (S2) at 10 min of ischemia in perfused cat ventricles. |
| Kimura et al. 1990 [21] |
Burst of ectopic activity in isolated cat ventricular myocytes that developed during washout after superfusion with test solution |
| Moe, 1964 [4] |
Computer model of hexagonal atrial cells in a flat sheet, paced at 200 Hz to initiate arrhythmias |
| Panfilov, 1998 [13] |
Breakup of pre-existing spiral waves in 1000 x 700 element 2D model or 120×120×120 element 3D model |
| Qu, 2006 [7] |
Initial conditions of multiple spiral waves were used and randomly perturbed to give rise to nonsustained fibrillation with different durations in a numerical model. |
| Samie and Jalife, 2001 [2] |
Transition from VT to VF (a review of many models) |
| Vaidya et al. 1999 [32] |
Bipolar pacing at basic cycle lengths (BCLs) of 80 and 120 msec (12 and 8.33 Hz) in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts |
| Weiss et al. 1999 [3] |
Transition from VT to VF (a review of many models) |
| Winfree, 1998 [1] |
Brief review of many different models and systems used to induce VF electrically for experimental purposes. |
| Witkowski et al. 1998 [27] |
Sustained ventricular fibrillation lasting more than 10 minutes was induced with a single critically timed electrical pulse (S2), applied after a constant pacing train (of S1 pulses). |
| Xu and Guevara, 1998 [5] |
Rapid pacing for induction of arrhythmias in a computational model of a 2D sheet with small square of regional "ischemia", mimicked as increased extra-cellular potassium ion concentration |
