| |
NS-5 |
Resveratrol |
Quercetin |
d-Tocotrienol |
| # |
Genes¶¶ |
Pre-dose |
Post-dose |
Post-dose |
Post-dose |
Post-dose‡ |
Descriptions |
| |
|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|
| I Cardiovascular disease |
| 1 |
Resistin |
100 |
48 ± 3.22** |
76 ± 1.12** |
57 ± 1.35** |
73 ± 2.81** |
Pathogenesis of obesity-mediatedinsulin resistanceand type2diabetes mellitus |
| 2 |
IL-2 |
100 |
53 ± 2.07** |
88 ± 2.48* |
64 ± 2.59** |
72 ± 2.88** |
Interleukin-2 |
| 3 |
IL-6 |
100 |
56 ± 3.06** |
71 ± 0.68** |
85 ± 0.91** |
68 ± 2.87* |
Interleukin-6 |
| 4 |
IL-8 |
100 |
68 ± 1.22** |
94 ± 2.90* |
95 ± 0.76* |
95 ± 0.21* |
Interleukin-8 |
| 5 |
IL-12 |
100 |
85 ± 1.93** |
78 ± 1.51** |
70 ± 2.12** |
81 ± 0.89** |
Interleukin-12 |
| 6 |
1L-17a |
100 |
66 ± 3.44** |
83 ± 1.56** |
83 ± 0.46** |
85 ± 1.62** |
Insulin-enhances nitricoxide,&NF-κB. |
| 7 |
IL-18 |
100 |
45 ± 3.08** |
59 ± 1.30** |
85 ± 1.34** |
79 ± 3.00** |
Interleukin-18 |
| 8
9 |
COX-2
|
100
|
41 ± 2.78**
|
73 ± 1.44**
|
55 ± 1.36**
|
65 ± 1.62**
|
Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| 9 |
GAPDH |
100 |
29 ± 2.59** |
81 ± 1.36** |
73 ± 0.88** |
78 ± 2.96** |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| 10 |
IP-10 |
100 |
21 ± 2.15** |
88 ± 1.97* |
74 ± 1.74** |
72 ± 0.94** |
Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 |
| II |
Inflammation |
| 11 |
TNF-a |
100 |
48 ± 2.30** |
63 ± 1.31** |
65 ± 2.44** |
83 ± 2.08** |
Tumor Necrosis Factor-a |
| 12 |
INF-g |
100 |
59 ± 2.36** |
67 ± 1.10** |
71 ± 1.31** |
75 ± 1.60** |
Interferon-g |
| 13 |
MIP-1a |
100 |
57 ± 3.94** |
87 ± 1.13* |
81 ± 3.20** |
74 ± 2.24** |
MacrophageInflammatoryProtein-1a |
| 14 |
NOS-2 |
100 |
56 ± 0.41** |
57 ± 1.94** |
67 ± 1.72** |
67 ± 2.11** |
Nitric oxidesynthase-2 |
| 15 |
VCAM-1 |
100 |
70 ± 2.01** |
90 ± 3.76* |
72 ± 2.93** |
84 ± 0.70** |
Vascularcelladhesionmolecule |
| 16 |
MCP-1 |
100 |
69 ± 4.99** |
83 ± 2.83** |
77 ± 2.17** |
76 ± 2.02** |
MonocyteChemotacticProtein-1 |
| III |
Cancer |
| 17 |
IGF-1 |
100 |
68 ± 3.56** |
74 ± 2.33** |
70 ± 2.99** |
71 ± 2.93** |
Insulin-likeGrowthFactor-1 |
| 18 |
P-53 |
100 |
217 ± 4.87** |
113 ± 1.19* |
120 ± 1.96** |
239 ± 8.66** |
P-53 tumor suppressor protein |
| 19 |
FAS-1 |
100 |
157 ± 3.72** |
119 ± 2.78** |
151 ± 3.07** |
129 ± 1.94** |
Fattyacid synthetase-1 |
| 20 |
VEGF |
100 |
71 ± 2.51** |
73 ± 1.78** |
83 ± 0.85** |
90 ± 0.47* |
VascularEndothelialGrowthFactor |
| 21 |
CCND-1 |
100 |
40 ± 5.33** |
71 ± 6.04** |
54 ± 1.91** |
67 ± 3.71** |
CyclinD-1 |
| IV |
Diabetes |
| 22 |
PAI-1 |
100 |
26 ± 1.21** |
81 ± 0.48** |
71 ± 4.79** |
71 ± 2.37** |
PlasmenogenActivatorInhibitor-1 |
| V |
Aging |
| 23 |
IL-1a |
100 |
70 ± 1.67** |
84 ± 1.52* |
84 ± 2.09* |
80 ± 0.76** |
Interleukin-1a |
| 24 |
IL-10 |
100 |
76 ± 1.44** |
96 ± 1.58* |
88 ± 4.12* |
69 ± 1.42** |
Interleukin-10 |
* - **Values in a row sharing a common asterisk are significantly different at *P<0.01; **P<0.001.
‡The effect of δ-tocotrienol on resistin, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ has been reported recently (AAQ et al. BJMMR. 6(4): 351-366, and JCEC. 2015; 6:4.
1000367).
¶The mRNAs IL-12, IL-17α, IL-18 (inflammation); IL-2 (cancer); and resistin, IL-6, IL-17α (diabetes) also involved in these diseases. |
