|
NS-5 |
Resveratrol |
Quercetin |
d-Tocotrienol |
# |
Genes¶ |
Pre-dose |
Post-dose |
Post-dose |
Post-dose |
Post-dose‡ |
Descriptions |
|
|
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
|
I Cardiovascular disease |
1 |
Resistin |
100 |
39 ± 3.02** |
43 ± 1.21** |
52 ± 1.96** |
72 ± 1.04** |
Pathogenesis of obesity-mediatedinsulin
resistanceand type2diabetes mellitus |
2 |
IL-2 |
100 |
28 ± 1.99** |
73 ± 1.52* |
79 ± 2.64** |
71 ± 1.71** |
Interleukin-2 |
3 |
IL-6 |
100 |
56 ± 2.20** |
76 ± 2.02** |
61 ± 0.89** |
62 ± 1.36** |
Interleukin-6 |
4 |
IL-8 |
100 |
65 ± 1.22** |
69 ± 1.22** |
77 ± 2.62** |
67 ± 2.36** |
Interleukin-8 |
5 |
IL-12 |
100 |
18 ± 0.62** |
78 ± 1.03** |
70 ± 2.06** |
71 ± 3.40** |
Interleukin-12 |
6 |
1L-17a |
100 |
63 ± 2.17** |
82 ± 1.86** |
69 ± 0.89** |
84 ± 0.54** |
Insulin-enhances nitric oxide,&NF-κB. |
7 |
IL-18 |
100 |
75 ± 1.24** |
59 ± 1.30** |
85 ± 1.34** |
79 ± 3.00** |
Interleukin-18 |
8
|
COX-2
|
100
|
69 ± 1.35**
|
69 ± 0.83**
|
61 ± 2.68**
|
70 ± 1.52**
|
Cyclooxygenase-2 |
9 |
GAPDH |
100 |
82 ± 1.76**
|
88 ± 2.03* |
88 ± 1.00* |
71 ± 2.66** |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
10 |
IP-10 |
100 |
83 ± 1.61**
|
37 ± 1.85** |
30 ± 8.50** |
19 ± 2.64** |
Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 |
II |
Inflammation |
11 |
TNF-a |
100 |
52 ± 1.80** |
57 ± 2.11** |
27 ± 0.87** |
87 ± 0.94* |
Tumor Necrosis Factor-a |
12 |
INF-g |
100 |
61 ± 2.57** |
73 ± 2.48** |
45 ± 3.0** |
64 ± 1.90** |
Interferon-g |
13 |
MIP-1a |
100 |
62 ± 1.95** |
73 ± 1.55** |
67 ± 0.46** |
64 ± 1.53** |
MacrophageInflammatoryProtein-1a |
14 |
NOS-2 |
100 |
61 ± 2.02** |
62 ± 1.62** |
76 ± 0.81** |
64 ± 4.24** |
Nitric oxidesynthase-2 |
15 |
VCAM-1 |
100 |
83 ± 2.36** |
83 ± 2.59** |
72 ± 0.72** |
84 ± 0.91** |
Vascularcelladhesionmolecule |
16 |
MCP-1 |
100 |
35 ± 2.44** |
60 ± 3.22** |
36 ± 2.83** |
39 ± 0.66** |
MonocyteChemotacticProtein-1 |
III |
Cancer |
17 |
IGF-1 |
100 |
64 ± 4.03** |
74 ± 1.99** |
65 ± 1.49** |
61 ± 3.69** |
Insulin-likeGrowthFactor-1 |
18 |
P-53 |
100 |
165 ± 2.43** |
3.27** |
126 ± 0.57** |
197 ± 2.96** |
P-53 tumor suppressor protein |
19 |
FAS-1 |
100 |
155 ± 3.65** |
148 ± 1.44** |
129 ± 1.41** |
132 ± 0.89** |
Fattyacid synthetase-1 |
20 |
VEGF |
100 |
65 ± 2.09** |
73 ± 3.84** |
71 ± 0.93** |
78 ± 1.74* |
VascularEndothelialGrowthFactor |
21 |
CCND-1 |
100 |
27 ± 4.89** |
48 ± 1.37** |
71 ± 0.59** |
63 ± 3.31** |
CyclinD-1 |
IV |
Diabetes |
22 |
PAI-1 |
100 |
33 ± 1.61** |
76 ± 1.15** |
57 ± 2.93** |
72 ± 1.02** |
PlasmenogenActivatorInhibitor-1 |
V |
Aging |
23 |
IL-1a |
100 |
45 ± 3.15** |
72 ± 1.84** |
53 ± 1.99** |
66 ± 2.76** |
Interleukin-1a |
24 |
IL-10 |
100 |
17 ± 1.91** |
45 ± 1.79** |
57 ± 2.66** |
45 ± 0.66** |
Interleukin-10 |
- V alues in a row sharing a common asterisk are significantly different at P<0.01; P<0.001. ‡
The effect of δ-tocotrienol on resistin, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and IFNγ has been reported recently
(AAQ et al. BJMMR. 6(4): 351-366, and JCEC. 2015. 6:4. 1000367).
¶The mRNAs IL-12, IL-17α, IL-18 (inflammation); IL-2 (cancer); and resistin, IL-6, IL-17α (diabetes) also involved in these diseases. |