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Figure 1: CAVI and its measuring method [18]. PWV from the heart to the ankle is obtained by measuring the length from the origin of the aorta to the ankle, and by calculating T=tb+tba. Blood pressure is measured at the brachial artery. Ps: systolic blood pressure, Pd: diastolic blood pressure, PWV: pulse wave velocity, ΔP: Ps-Pd, ρ: blood density, ΔP: pulse pressure, L: length from the origin of the aorta to the ankle, T: time taken for the pulse wave to propagate from the aortic valve to the ankle, tba: time between the rise of brachial pulse wave and the rise of ankle pulse wave, tb: time between aortic valve closing sound and the notch of brachial pulse wave, t2b: time between aortic valve opening sound and the rise of brachial pulse wave. |