Mechanism

Reference

Type of study

Reduces myocardial metabolic demand and oxygen consumption

Miki et al. 1998 ⁵⁵, Schwartz et al. 2001 ⁵⁶, Dae et al. 2003 ⁵⁷, Maeng et al. 2003 ⁵⁸

Animal model

Preserves myocyte membrane function, intracellular calcium and pH hemostasis

Schwartz et al. 2001 ⁵⁶, Inoue et al 2003 ²⁸

Animal model

Decreases free radical and cytotoxin generation

Maeng et al. 2006 ⁵⁹

Animal model

Decreases infarct size

Otake et al. 2007 ⁶⁰

Animal model

Prevents microvascular obstruction and no-reflow phenomenon

Hale et al. 2003 ⁶¹, Gotberg et al. 2008 ⁶²

Animal model

Inhibits mediators of inflammatory response and myocyte apoptosis

Dixon et al. 2005 ⁵⁰

Human

Reduces post-infarct reactive hyperemia

Olivecrona et al. 2007 ²⁹

Animal model

Maintains myocardial cell integrity and mitchondrial function

Ning et al. 1998 ⁶³, 2007 ⁶⁴

Animal model

Inhibits platelet aggregation

Frelinger et al. 2003 ⁶⁵

Human