Figure 2: Levels of Th1 cytokines (IFNγ, P=0.0004, TNFα, P=0.0009) measured from the palatal secretions were significantly higher in the denture stomatitis group compared to the non-stomatitis group. IL-2 did not show a significant increase (data not shown). There was no significant increase in the Th2 cytokine levels (IL-4 and IL-5, data not shown). The levels of Th-17 cytokines (IL-17a and IL-22) were significantly increased in the denture stomatitis group compared to the non-stomatitis group (IL-17a, P=0.0026 and IL-22, P=0.0004). A significant (P=0.0001) increase in TGF-β1 was also evident and this is a critical cytokine for Th17 cell differentiation. IL-6 (P<0.0001) and IL-10 (P<0.0001) are also significantly increased in denture stomatitis patients.