Present study (n=37) Muzaffer et al. [13] (n=30) Hiraki et al. [10] (N =256) Bader-Meunier et al. [11] (n=155) F/M ratio 3.1 14 4.7 4.5 Mean age (range) 11.5 ± 3.8 (1-15) 10.5 (5-18) 13.1 ± 3.17 (3-18) 11.5 ± 2.5 (1.5-16) Malar rash 25 (67.6%) 14 (47%) 155 (61%) 60 (39%) Photosensitivity 16 (43.2%) - 44 (17%) 20 (13%) Oral ulcer 7 (18.9%) 1 (3.3%) 55 (21%) 16 (10.5%) Discoid rash 5 (13.5%) 1 (3.3%) - 10 (6.5%) Arthritis 17 (45.9%) 22 (73%) 157 (61%) - Pleuritis 4 (10.8%) 2 (6.7%) 30 (12%) - Pericarditis 3 (8.1%) 3 (10%) 30 (12%) - Proteuniria 27 (73%) 22 (73.3%) 95 (37%) LN 81 (50%) Neuropsychiatric 5 (13.5%) 9 (30%) 14 (35%) - Anemia 32 (86.5%) 65% 58 (23%) 42 (27%) Leucopenia 14 (37.8%) 33% 73 (29%) 55 (35%) Thrombocytopenia 12 (32.4%) 13% 75 (29%) 44 (28%) ANA 37 (100%) 30 (100%) 256 (100%) - Anti-dsDNA 30 (81.1%) (90%) 184 (72%) 144 (93%) Anti-Sm 21 (56.8%) - 88 (34%) 33 (32%) Anti-RNP 21 (56.8%) - 68 (27%) 36 (35%) Anti-SSA 16 (43.2%) - 69 (27%) 34 (33%) Anti-SSB 13 (35.1%) - 34 (13%) 20 (19%)

Table 5: Comparison of clinical and biological features of our childhood SLE patients with other cohorts.