| Reference |
Country & study date |
Patient Number (samples) |
% female |
Median/Mean Pooled Age (range or Mean ± SD) |
Disease duration Years Median (range) or mean ± SD) |
Disease criteria & activity Index |
| European studies |
| Siegert et al. [30] |
Netherlands
(1991) |
88 |
91% |
37 (15-73) |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Siegert et al. [31] |
Netherlands
(1993) |
68 |
96% |
38 (14-75) |
6 (0.8-24) |
ACR criteria/ SLEDAI |
| Coremans et al. [27] |
Netherlands
(1995) |
33 |
85% |
* 28.9 ± 10.2 |
* (3.7 ± 3.7) |
ACR criteria |
| |
|
|
|
† 34.3 ± 10.1 |
† (8.9 ± 6.7) |
|
| **Ravelli et al. [57] |
Italy
(1997) |
29 |
90% |
14.1 (7.5-19.6) |
(0.1-14.6) |
ACR criteria/ SLEDAI/SLAM |
| Norsworthy et al. [29] |
UK
(1999) |
195 |
NR |
NR |
0.25 – 25 |
BILAG |
| Trendelenberg et al. [58] |
Switzerland
(1999) |
48 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
ACR criteria |
| Loizou et al. [59] |
UK
(2000) |
56 |
95% |
* 31 (17-61)
§ 43 (15-74) |
20-71 |
ACR criteria |
| Moroni et al. [60] |
Italy
(2001) |
48 (61) |
92% |
* 34 (23-43) |
10.1 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| |
|
|
|
§ 38 (29-49) |
11.3 |
|
| Oelzner et al. [61] |
Germany
(2003) |
79 |
89% |
41.7 ± 13.8 |
0.25- 30 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Marto et al. [62] |
UK
(2005) |
151 |
93% |
39 (15-74) |
NR |
ACR criteria |
| Sinico et al. [63] |
Italy
(2005) |
61 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
ACR criteria/ECLAM |
| Jaekell et al. [64] |
Germany
(2006) |
100 |
91% |
41.7 ± 13.7 |
NR |
ACR criteria/ECLAM |
| **Kozyro et al. [65] |
Switzerland
(2006) |
12 |
50% |
15 (10-17) |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Trendelenberg et al. [66] |
Switzerland
(2006) |
72 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
ACR criteria |
| Braun et al. [67] |
Germany
(2007) |
78 |
88% |
37.6 ± 12.3 |
0.08-33.0 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Meyer et al. [68] |
France
(2009) |
70 |
91% |
§ 30 (19-58)
§ 28 (17-48)
35 (20-76) |
0.25-36
0.1-14.1
1.1-49.0 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Smykal-Jankowiak et al. [69] |
Poland
(2011) |
48 |
100% |
* 33.5 |
5.35 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI-2K |
| Asian studies |
| Fang et al. [70] |
China
(2009) |
180 |
84% |
* 33 ± 11.34
¶ 31.37 ± 11.70 |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Tan et al. [45] |
China
(2009) |
113 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Cai et al. [71] |
China
(2010) |
73 |
89% |
‡ 31.0 ± 13.9 |
‡ (2.3 ± 1.6) |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Mok et al. [72] |
China
(2010) |
245 |
95% |
40.6 ± 12.2 |
8.7 ± 7.1 |
ACR criteria/SELENA-SLEDAI |
| Pradhan et al. [73] |
India
(2010) |
80 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| Katsumata et al. [33] |
Japan
(2011) |
126 |
98% |
37 (17-77) |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI-2K |
| **Wu et al. [74] |
China
(2011) |
90 |
87% |
9.8 (3-15) |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI-2K |
| Zhang et al. [75] |
China
(2011) |
90 |
98% |
37.08 ± 11.89 |
4.08 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| |
|
|
|
* 34.67 ± 11.21 |
4.74 |
|
| |
|
|
|
¶ 39.95 ± 12.12 |
3.28 |
|
| Pradhan et al. [76] |
India
(2012) |
60 |
92% |
29.7 (17-49) |
3.6 ± 1.4 |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| North/South American Studies |
| Bernstein et al. [26] |
USA
(1994) |
60 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
ACR criteria |
| Haseley et al. [28] |
USA
(1997) |
240 |
92% |
41 ± 9.0 |
(11 ± 9.0) |
ACR criteria |
| Moura et al. [77] |
Brazil
(2009) |
81 |
99% |
34 ± 11 |
4 (0.3-32) |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| De Moura et al. [78] |
Brazil
(2011) |
62 |
85% |
* 27.0 ± 5 |
NR |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI |
| |
|
|
|
† 27.5 ± 6.3 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
¶ 28.0 ± 8.0 |
|
|
| **Jesus et al. [79] |
Brazil
(2012) |
67 |
78% |
14.6 ± 3.86 |
(6.4 ± 3.52) |
ACR criteria/SLEDAI-2K |
| * Active nephritis; § Inactive LN; ¶ Non-LN, active SLE with LN; †active SLE without LN; § active SLE without LN; ‡ only LN documented; bold text – median; NR: Not Recorded; ** Pediatric study |
