| 1 |
Epidemiology
Male predominance in Asian countries
Equal distribution to female predominance in Europe and North America |
| 2 |
Enviromental factors
Reported
• Antibiotics
more frequently used by male patients*
stronger association with Crohn`s disease in males than in females*
• Smoking
associated with higher risk for Crohn`s disease in females
• Appendectomy
associated with higher risk for Crohn`s disease in females
Hypothetical
• Dietary habits
• Socio-economic status
• Exposure to infectious agents |
| 3 |
Disease phenotype
• Higher prevalence of eye and skin involvement in females
• Higher prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ankylosing spondylitis in males |
| 4 |
Disease course
• Conflicting data |
| 5 |
Long term complications
• Higher risk and mortality of colorectal cancer in males
• Higher mortality from pulmonary complications in females |
| *pediatric population |
