| Functional property |
Protein (molecular weight) |
Key notes |
| Pro-cancer |
Complement factor H (139 kDa) |
Expressed & secreted by many primary tumors & cancer cell lines to protect them from complement-mediated cytolysis [57-59,61,62]
Downregulation sensitizes cells to complement attack & reduces tumor growth [57-60] |
| Serotransferrin (77 kDa) |
Important growth factor for cancer cell proliferation [76-78]
Blocking serotransferrin binding to the cancer cell surface inhibits tumor growth in vitro [78,79] |
| Vitronectin (54 kDa) |
Inducer of cancer stem cell differentiation in breast & prostatic carcinoma [65,66]
Interacts with the urokinase receptor to induce cancer cell spreading, migration, and growth [67,80] |
| Others: |
|
| α2 macroglobulin (163 kDa) |
[81,82] |
| C4b binding protein (67 kDa) |
[61,83] |
| CD5 antigen-like protein (38 kDa) |
[84] |
| Complement C3 (187 kDa) |
[63,64,85] |
| Isoform 2 of α-1-antitrypsin (40 kDa) |
[86] |
| Hemopexin (52 kDa) |
[87] |
| Anti-cancer |
Anastellin |
Inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vitro through inhibiting angiogenesis [72,73]
Inhibits serum dependent cell growth by blocking progression of the cell cycle [88] |
| Apolipoprotein A-1 |
Biomarker of ovarian cancer [89]
Net functional effects include a decrease in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, invasion, & myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment, as well as an increase in anti-tumor macrophages & CD8+ T cells cells [74]
Apolipoprotein A-1-deficient mice develop tumors quicker than wild-type mice [74] |
| Fibrinogen β chain |
First 20 amino acids of the N terminus of the fibrinogen beta chain (β43-63) significantly inhibits VEGF-activated adhesion of epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix [71]
In mouse models, inhibits tumor vascularization & increases tumor necrosis[71] |
| Others: |
|
| 35 kDa inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (104 kDa) |
[69,90] |
| Keratin type I cytoskeletal 9 (62 kDa) |
[70] |
| Complement component C4b (193 kDa) |
[64,83] |
