Table 2

Subset	Classical	Intermediate	Non-Classical
Function/phenotype
Stimulation/Differentiation	CD14^hi CD16^-	CD14^hi CD16^lo	CD14^lo CD16^hi
Scavenger Receptor expression	CD163⁺	CD163⁺	CD163^-
Cytokine expression	TNFα, IL-12, IL-10^higher	-	TNFα^high IL-12^high IL-10^low
Chemokine recruitment	CCL2/MCP-1	-	CX3CL-1/Fractalkine CCL2-refractory
Antigen Presentation	-	HLA-DR^low	HLA-DR^high
Tryptophan metabolism	iNOS	Arg⁺	iNOS
Function	Anti-microbial Pro-inflammatory Tissue-damage Th₁CMI response Anti-Tumoural	Anti-parasitic Allergic response Tissue repair Th₂ response	Anti-parasitic Allergic response Humoral immun. Th₂ response

Table 2: Monocyte subset functional phenotypes. Classical CD16-negative and CD16-positive non-classical monocytes can be classified according to their functional phenotype of scavenger receptor (CD163), cytokine expression, chemokine responsiveness, antigen presentation capacity (HLA-DR) and arginine metabolism (iNOS or Arg I). The combination of such phenotypes defines monocyte function as proinflammatory, CMI-inducing or tissue reparative, induction of humoral immunity. One point to be noted is that the classical and non-classical subsets express iNOS whereas the intermediate monocyte subset expresses arginase. Refer to macrophage table 1 earlier. This table has been adapted from [91,93,94,96,98,101,103,104].