Figure 3: Influenza viruses replication in subpopulations of polarized macrophages. (A) Differentiated primary human macrophages were infected with influenza A/California/04/2009 virus (H1N1), A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2) or A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) at MOI of 2. At 3, 6, and 24h post-infection, cell lysates were collected and analysed by real-time PCR for mRNA expression of influenza A M gene. The mRNA expression of each target gene was normalized to the housekeeping gene, 18S rRNA. The chart showed the median of three different experiments from 3 independent donors. (B) Table shows statistical significance of mRNA expression of influenza A M gene in the macrophages at each time point *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Red shows that the reference cell line (listed at the top of column) is significantly higher than the comparator (cells listed on the left) and black shows that it is differently lower, using two-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni multiple-comparison test.