Table 2

		Human	Mouse
	Name	Classically activated macrophages	Ly6c^high
Classically Activated	Function	Phagocytic and microbial activity	Produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α
		Low pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-10, TNF-α, IL-12 etc.)
		Main IL-10 Producer when stimulated with S. aureus
		Production of ROS
	Frequency	90-95% of circulating monocytes	60% of circulating monocytes
	Markers	CD14^high	Ly6c^high
		CD16^neg	CD11b⁺
		Low levels of MHC-II, ICAM-1
		CD86, CD64
		Intermediate levels of CD11b
	Cytokine Receptors	CCR2^high, CX3CR1^low	CCR2^high, CX3CR1^low
Intermediate	Name	Intermediate
	Function	Pro-inflammatory: Actively produce TNF-α (in response to LPS), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10
	Function	Phagocytic
	Frequency	Minor sub-population
	Markers	CD14^high, CD16int
		High levels of MHC-II, ICAM-1, CD86, CD11b
		Intermediate levels of CD163, CD64 and CD11c
	Cytokine Receptors	CCR2^low, CX3CR1^high
Alternatively activated	Name	Alternatively activated	Alternatively activated, Ly6C^low
	Function	Anti-inflammatory: Constitutively produce IL-1RA
	Frequency	5-10% of circulating monocytes	40% of circulating monocytes
	Markers	CD14^low, CD16^high	Ly6C^low
		High levels of CD86 and CD11c
		Intermediate levels of MHC-II
		ICAM-1
		Low levels of CD11b, CD64 and CD163
	Cytokine Receptors	CCR2^low, CX3CR1^high	CCR2^low, CX3CR1^high

Table 2: Main monocyte populations in human and mouse. Mouse monocytes are divided into classically activated M1 monocytes and alternatively activated M2 monocytes. M1 monocytes express ^high levels of Ly6C and ^low levels of CX3CR1 and are known for producing proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. M2 monocytes express ^low levels of Ly6C and ^high levels of CX3CR. Human monocytes are divided into three subgroups, where the classical group is called CD14^highCD16^neg. They express ^high levels of CCR2 but lack CX3CR1 surface expression. Using the mouse homology they are M1-like but functionally they resemble M0-like monocytes. The intermediate CD14^highCD16int monocytes