Anti-CTLA-4 therapies |
Shift in intra-tumoural CD8/Treg ratio [34] |
Increase in circulating ICOS+ CD4+ effector T cells [41] |
Increase in Granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells [42] |
Rise in absolute lymphocyte count [48,49] |
Baseline FoxP3 and IDO expression [44] |
Baseline ‘immune active’ tumour microenvironment [66] |
CTLA-4+ CD4+ effector T cells [49] |
EOMES+ CD8+ T cells [50] |
Baseline circulating monocytic MDSCs [51] |
Reduction in monocytic MDSCs in periphery and tumour [52] |
Baseline serum VEGF [58] |
Baseline serum LDH [53] |
Maintenance of high frequency T cell clones in periphery [68] |
Neo-antigenic repertoire [71] |
Anti-PD-1/-PD-L1 therapies |
Tumour PD-L1 expression [3,6,8,12,13,84-86] |
Tumour infiltrating immune cell PD-L1 expression [83] |
Increased tumouralIFNγ, Granzyme-A, CD8, EOMES and CX3CL1 gene expression [90] |
Increased CD8+PD-1+PD-L1+ cell density within tumour and at invasive tumour margin [84] |
Increased clonality and reduced diversity of intra-tumoural T cell repertoire [84] |
Higher somatic mutational burden and neo-antigenic repertoire [92] |