Characteristics of T

T cell subsets	Phenotypic markers	Cytokine secretion profile	Transcription factors	References
Naïve cells	CD3⁺ CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ CCR7⁺ CD62L⁺ IL-7R⁺	IL-2	Th-POK	28-30
Th1	CD3⁺ CD4⁺CXCR3⁺IL-12R⁺ IFNγR⁺	IFN-γ, IL-2, TNFα，TNFβ	T-bet, Eomes	31-36
Th2	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ IL-4R⁺CCR3⁺ CCR4⁺CCR8⁺ CRTh2⁺	IL-4, IL-5,IL-6, IL-13	GATA3, STAT5, Gfi-1	32,34-38
Th9	CD3⁺ CD4⁺	IL-9	PU.1	12,13
Th17	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ IL-23R⁺ CCR4⁺ CCR6⁺ IL-6R⁺ CD161⁺	IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-26	RORγt, RORα, RORC2	30,34,36,39-41
Th22	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CCR4⁺ CCR6⁺ CCR10⁺	IL-22	AhR	42-45
Treg	CD3⁺CD4⁺ CD25⁺ CTLA4⁺ CD127^-	IL-10, TGF-β	Foxp3	30,34,36,46-50
Tr1 (type 1 regulatory)	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD25^-CD127^-,Or CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD49b⁺ LAG3⁺	IL-10, TGF-β	Not known	30,47,51,52
T_FH(follicular helper)	CD3⁺ CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ SLAM⁺ OX40L⁺ CD40L⁺	IL-21, IL-4	Bcl6,Ascl2	53-57
T_CM (central memory)	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD45RA^-IL-7R⁺ IL-15R⁺ CD44⁺ CCR7⁺ CD62L⁺	IL-2, IL-21	Bcl6	30, 58, 59
T_EM(effector memory)	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD44⁺ IL-7R⁺ IL-15R⁺ CCR7^-	IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-5,IL-17	Blimp1, T-bet	30, 58, 59
T_RM(tissue-resident memory)	CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD11a⁺ CD69⁺ CD103⁺	IFN-γ	Not Known	59, 60

Table 2: Characteristics of T helper cell subsets.