| 1 |
↑ NE release and availability |
| 2 |
LO specific change in NE content |
| 3 |
Sympathetic nerve neuropathy with subsequent nerve remodeling in splenic white pulp |
| 4 |
Aberrant innervation of the red pulp, a site where activated immune cells (e.g., plasma cells) reside |
| 5 |
Loss of neurotrophic factors in secondary lymphoid tissues |
| 6 |
β2-AR down-regulation and desensitization (PBMCs, spleen cells, and synovial immune lymphocytes) |
| 7 |
Shift in β2-AR signaling pathways activated (lymph nodes that drain the arthritic joints) |
| 8 |
Shift in β2-AR signaling pathways activated (lymph nodes that drain the arthritic joints) |
| β2-AR: β2-Androgenic Receptor; LO: Lymphoid Organ; NE: Norepinephrine; PMBC: Peripheral Mononuclear Cells; SNS: Sympathetic Nervous System |
