Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases Organ Disease(s) Self-Antigen (Example) Major Autoimmune Mechanism Adrenal cells Addison's disease Cytochrome P-450 antigens Autoantibodies Red blood cells Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Red blood cell membrane proteins Autoantibodies Platelets Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Platelet antigens (GP IIb/IIIa) Autoantibodies Stomach Pernicious anemia Gastric parietal cell antigens (H+/ATPase, intrinsic factor) Autoantibodies/T cells Small bowel Celiac sprue (gluten enteropathy) Transglutaminase Autoantibodies/T cells   Thyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis Thyroid cell antigens (e.g., thyroglobulin) T cells/autoantibodies Graves' disease Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor Autoantibodies Muscle Myasthenia gravis Acetylcholine receptors Autoantibodies Pancreatic islets               Type 1 diabetes Beta cell antigens (glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulin) T cells (autoantibodies present Hepatocytes Autoimmune hepatitis Hepatocyte antigens (cytochrome P450 2D6) T cells/antibodies Bile duct cells                   Primary biliary cirrhosis Intrahepatic bile duct (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex protein) Autoantibodies/ T cells Heart           Rheumatic heart disease Myocardial antigens Autoantibodies Kidney/lung Goodpasture's syndrome Basement membrane antigens (type IV collagen α3 chain) Autoantibodies

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Disease(s) Self-Antigen Major Autoimmune Mechanism Ankylosing sponkylitis Vertebrae Immune complexes Multiple sclerosis Brain or white matter TH1 cells and TC cells, auto-antibodies Rheumatoid arthritis Connective tissue, IgG Auto-antibodies, immune complexes Systemic lupus erythematosus  DNA, nuclear protein, RBC and platelet membranes Auto-antibodies, immune complexes Scleroderma Nuclei, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidney Auto-antibodies Sjogren’s syndrome Salivary gland, liver, kidney, thyroid Auto-antibodies

Table 1: Examples of human autoimmune diseases.