Treg cells are involved in immunity tolerance, whereas Th17 cells are involved
in inflammatory pathophysiology, such as autoimmune pathophysiology.
Treg cells are also functionally reciprocal T cell populations. However, some
commonalities have been observed in the differentiation mechanisms of Treg
and Th17 cells, such as the involvement of TGF-β-induced differentiation.
As shown, many factors reportedly control Treg/Th17 differentiation. If it is
possible to control this positive/negative immune response balance, it may
also be possible to control various immune diseases.