| Marker category |
Sample type |
Type of molecule |
Name |
| Diagnosis |
Serum/plasma |
Antibody
[57,91,92] |
Nuclear antigens |
Anti-Neurofascin |
| Anti-GAD |
anti β-arrestin |
| Anti-KIR4.1 |
|
| Protein [37] |
pNF-H (+) |
|
| Cellular
[93,94] |
plasma endothelial microparticles (+) |
|
| miRNA
[90] |
hsa-miR-1826 (+) |
hsa-miR-572 (+) |
| hsa-miR-1979 (-) |
hsa-miR-614 (+) |
| hsa-miR-22 (+) |
hsa-miR-648 (+) |
| Serum and PBMC |
miRNA [25,90] |
hsa-miR-422a (+) |
|
| PBMC |
miRNA
[25-27,71,72,89] |
hsa-miR-19b (CD4+CD25+ cells) (+) |
hsa-miR-17-5p (+) |
| hsa-miR-25 (CD4+CD25+ cells) (+) |
hsa-miR-18-5p (+) |
| hsa-miR-1275 (+) |
hsa-miR-186-5p (-) |
| hsa-miR-145-5p (+) |
hsa-miR-20a-5p (+) |
| hsa-miR-491-5p (+) |
hsa-miR-20b-5p (+) |
| hsa-miR-584-5p (+) |
hsa-miR-223-3p (+) |
| hsa-miR-664-3p (+) |
hsa-miR-142-3p (+) |
| mRNA
[1] |
ATP7A (-) |
OGT (+) |
| CCL3 (-) |
PLAUR (-) |
| EIF4A1 (-) |
PTGS2 (+) |
| HSPA1A (-) |
RBBP6 (+) |
| NEAT1 (+) |
ZMYND8 (+) |
| Disease activity and manifestation |
Serum |
Antibody
[5,91] |
Anti-EBNA IgG |
|
| Anti-gangliosides |
|
| Anti-CD46 and 59 |
|
| Protein
[5] |
C4 fragment (+) |
TIMP1 (-) |
| MMP8 (+) |
complement factor H (+) |
| PBMC |
Protein
[5] |
CCR5 (+) |
CXCR3 (+) |
| CNTF (+) |
ICAM (+) |
| CX3CR1 (-) |
LFA1 (+) |
| CXCL12 (+) |
BDNF (+; recov.) |
| CXCL8 (+) |
|
| Cellular
[5] |
CD56 bright NK cells (+) |
K2P5+T cells (+) |
| CD8+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells (+) |
PD1/PDL1 (+) |
| CD80 (+) |
Fas/FasL |
| mRNA [5] |
ILT3 (-; mono.) |
|
| miRNA
[25,71,72] |
hsa-miR-18b (+) |
|
| hsa-miR-599 (+) |
|
| hsa-miR-96-5p (+; remission) |
|
| Disease activity and treatment response |
Serum |
Protein [5] |
MMP9 (+) |
|
| Serum |
Protein [5] |
IFNR-gb (+) |
|
| VLA4 (-) |
|
| Cellular [5] |
Survivin (+) |
|
| cellular and SNP [5] |
CD86 (+; GA) |
|
| miRNA [67] |
hsa-miR-146a (+; GA) |
|
| Treatment response to IFN beta, if not stated otherwise: |
Serum |
Antibody [5,35,84-86] |
Anti IFN-Nab or IFN binding Abs |
|
| PBMC |
Protein
[35,77] |
IFN-γ (-; resp.) |
|
| p-IFNAR (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
|
| p-STAT1 (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
|
| Protein and mRNA [5,35] |
IL8 (+; resp.) |
|
| Cellular
[5,78,80] |
IFNR-a2 (+; generell) |
|
| PDL2 (+; generell) |
|
| Th17 cells (+; non-resp.; T0) |
|
| mRNA
[7,8,16,35,68,70,78,87] |
CA11 (+; non-resp.; T0) |
FADS1 (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| CA2 (+; non-resp.;T0) |
IFI44 (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| Casp10 (+; non-resp;T0.) |
IFIT1 (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| DNM1 (+; non-resp.;T0) |
IFIT2 (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| Flip (+; non-resp.;T0) |
IFIT3 (+; resp;3 Mo; mono..) |
| GPR3 (+; non-resp.;T0) |
MARCKS (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| IL17RA (+; non-resp.;T0) |
OASL (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| IL17RC (+; non-resp.;T0) |
RASGEF1B (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.) |
| RRN3 (+; non-resp.;T0) |
|
| YEATS2 (+; non-resp.;T0) |
|
| mRNA combinations [87] |
Casp2+Casp10+FLIP (+; non-resp.) |
| Casp2+Casp10+FLIP (+; non-resp.) |
(+)=expression upregulated; (-)=expression downregulated; (+; GA)=upregulated in response to GA; (-; resp.)=downregulated to therapy response; (+; non-resp.;
T0)=upregulated in non-resonders to IFN beta before therapy; (+; resp.;3 Mo; mono.)=upregulated in responders to IFN beta after 3 month of therapy onset in monocytes