Immunostimulant |
Fish |
Administration and dose |
Length of administ-ration |
Mechanism of
action/results |
References |
High-M alginate |
Atlantic
halibut |
Immersion |
n.i |
↑ survival |
[214] |
|
Atlantic
halibut |
Bioencapsulated in Artemia |
Different periods during initial feeding |
↑ growth |
[215] |
|
Atlantic cod
and spotted wolffish |
Diet |
59 days
55 days |
↑ growth
Uptake of 125I-labelled
molecule in the stomach
and intestine |
[56] |
|
Turbot |
Enriched in Artemia |
1 week |
↑ survival |
[53] |
Alginate |
Atlantic
salmon |
Macrophage
culture |
n.i |
↑ phagocytic activity and
respiratory burst |
Rokstad et al.
(unpublished data) cited in Vadstein [54] |
|
Atlantic salmon |
Diet |
Six months |
↑ lysozyme activity
→ survival, colour, taste consistency
and grading |
[216] |
|
Turbot |
Diet |
13 days |
↑ protein synthesis and
protein turnover
→ survival and larval size |
[217] |
Ergosan |
Striped snakehead |
i.p |
14 days |
↑ inhibition index of macrophages and serum on in vitro growth of Aphanomyces invidans |
[57] |
|
Rainbow trout |
i.p |
1 day |
↑ neutrophils and respiratory burst |
[58] |
|
Sea bass |
Diet (0.5 %) |
60 days |
↑ serum complement activity,
serum lysozyme, gill and
liver HSP |
[162] |
AquaVac Ergosan |
Rainbow trout |
Diet (0.5 %) |
Three cycles (95 days in total) |
↑ growth (95 days) and the
growth related gene
expression of IGFI, TRαmRNA
and TRβ, and gene expression
of IL-1β, IL8 and TLR3 in spleen
↓ cortisol, HSP70 gene
expression in liver, MYO gene
expression |
[218] |
