- BMI<20, - Weigh loss >10% over the last 6 months, - TSF <3 mm, - < 5th percentile of normal Upper-Arm Muscle Area (cm2) - Albumin:  <3.5 g/d in sarcopenia; < 3.2 g/dl in cachexia - transferrin <180 mg/dl; - prealbumin  15-12 mg/dl (mild impairment), 8-10 mg/dl (moderate impairment), <8 mg/dl (severe impairment) - Retinol Bind ing Protein  <2.6mg/dl; - Blood Lynphocite from 1200 to 800 cells/mm3 (moderate impairment). < 800 cells/mm3 (severe impairment ) - Blood 3 Met-I > 4 microMol/L

Table 2: Clinical and laboratory Biomarkers of Protein Metabolism Impairment.