| Biomarker |
Biochemical characteristic |
Type |
Sample |
Reference |
| PSA* |
Kallikrein-related peptidase 3 Secreted serine protease |
Screening/ Diagnostic |
Blood |
[14,72] |
| PSA density,Velocity,doubling time |
Kinetic characterization of PSA |
Diagnostic/prognostic/predictor of recurrence? |
Blood |
[21,22] |
fPSA*, tPSA
,-2pro-PSA* |
Isoforms and cleavage forms of PSA |
Diagnostic with better diagnostic performance |
Blood |
[29,30] |
| Phi* |
Score formula = [-2]proPSA/free PSA) × √PSA |
Diagnostic |
Blood |
[33,34] |
| PCA3* |
Non coding mRNA, highly up-regulated in PCa |
Diagnostic (indicator for repeat biopsy) |
Urine /tissue |
[41,73] |
| uPA, uPAR |
Precursor for serine protease and its receptor for degradation of extra cellular matrix |
Prognostic (increased uPA and uPAR
in PCa patients with bone metastasis) |
Tissue/blood |
[47,57] |
| PSCA |
Membrane glycoprotein. Specific production in the prostate and possible target for therapy
Prognostic |
Prognostic (correlated with higher Gleason score, higher stage,
and the presence of metastasis) |
Tissue / blood |
[62,74] |
