Kinase Targeted Nuclear Receptor Targeted Residue Effect Reference PKC PPARα T129, S179,S230 Activation [81] ERα S46/47 Activation [82] RARα S77, 157 Inhibition [83] RORα ? Inhibition [84] PKA PPARα N-terminal Activation [85] ERα S305, S236 Inhibition [86, 87] RARα S369 Inhibition [88] RARγ S360 Inhibition [89] CK-II PPARγ1 S16, S21 Activation [90] CK2 ERα S282, S559 Inhibition [82] GSK3B ERα S102,S104, S106, S118 Activation [91] REV-ERBα S55, S59 Activation [92] p38 PPARα S6, S21, S12 Mix effect depends on cell type [93] ERβ S106, S124 Activation [94] GR S211 or S226 Inhibition [95] RARγ S66-S68 Activation [96] MAPK PPARγ S112 Inhibition [97] ERα S118, S167 Activation [98] RAS/MAPK ERα T311 Activation [86] CDKs, MAPK, CKII GR S113. S141, S203, S211, S226 Activation [99] ERK PPARα S12, S21 Activation [100] PPARγ1 S84 Inhibition [101] RORα T128 Activation [102] JNK RXRα S22, S61, S75, S87 Inhibition [103] RXRα S265 Inhibition [104] AMPK PPARα/PPPARβ thought activating p38/MAPK and ERK Mix Effect depends on cell type [105-107] GRα S211 through activating p38 Inhibition [108] Other Postranstional Modification NR Modification Effect Reference Multiple enzymes Most NR Acetylation Activation [109] SIRT1 ERα deacetylase Inhibition [110,111] PPARγ deacetylase Inhibition [111] RAR Deacetylase Inhibition [112] HDACs Most NR deacetylation Mix effect [109]

Table 1: Summary of major Posttranslational modifications that modulate nuclear receptors and have consequent effects on the function of biological clocks.