US laws prohibiting persons or entities to engage in biological weapons activities related to manufacturing/,production, acquisition, possession, stockpiling/storage, development, transportation, transfer, or use

  • Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) of 1976 and Executive Order 11958 of 1977 as amended
  • Biological Weapon Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989, as amended (18 USC § 175)
  • Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, as amended, 18 USC § 2332a
  • Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
  • Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998
  • Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act)
  • Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
  • Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
  • Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004
  • WMD Proliferators Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR part 544 as amended in April 2009                                           

Enforcement

  • Crimes and Criminal Procedure, 18 USC § 175, 175(a), 176,, 177, 371, 842, 2332, 2332e, 2333, 2339A, and 2339B
  • Civil Affairs Forfeiture Reform Act (CAFRA)
  • USA Patriot Act, 18 USC § 175
  • WMD Proliferators Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR part 544
  • Executive Order 13382 of 29 June 2005

Regulations

  • Select Agent Regulations
  • Foreign Quarantine Regulations
  • Export Administration Regulations
  • Interstate Transportation of Etiologic Agents
  • Hazardous Materials Regulations
  • Mailability of Etiologic Agents
  • Occupational Exposure to Blood-Borne Pathogens

Select guidelines pertaining to biological risk management

  • NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines)
  • Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th edition
  • Framework Guidance for Synthetic Double-Stranded DNA Providers;
  • Applicability of the Select Agent Regulations to Issues of Synthetic Genomics
  • "Know Your Customer Guidance" (Supplement No. 3 to Part 732 of the EAR)
  • NIH Design Requirements Manual for Biomedical Laboratories and Animal Research Facilities
  • Agricultural Research Service Facilities Design Standards
Table 2: The statutory, regulatory, and policy framework for implementation of BWC and UNSCR 1540 (biological weapons, related materials, delivery means, and activities) in the United States (Note: this table is based on the US report to the 1540 Committee [i]).