Step 1: Preparation of the sphingosine (Sph)-DNA particles. When Sph solution (A) was added to the DNA solution (B), the Sph-DNA assembly (C) formed. Heating the assembly prepared the particles (D).
Step 2: Preparation of the seeds.
a) BF solution (H-extract, F-fraction, or adenosine) was added to Sph-DNA particles (A), and seeds were prepared (B)
Step 3: Preparation of artificial cells
A) Solution containing seeds were injected into egg white.
B) Eggs were incubated for 7 days at 37ºC, and egg whites were collected.
C) Egg whites were removed from the injected eggs (C-b).
D) Egg whites were incubated with Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium containing 10% bovine serum (D-MEM). The aggregates (C-c, arrow) of artificial cells
were observed in the bottom.
