Figure 1: Schematic diagram of flow injection CL analysis system V�sampling inlet valve; F�flowing cell: a flat spiral-coiled colorless glass tube (i.d. 1.0 mm, total diameter of the flow cell 3 cm, without gas between loops); PMT� photomultiplier tube; W�waste; a�analyte solution; b�Na2S2O3 solution; c� acidic KMnO4 solution; d�Dy3+ solution.