| Tongue shape |
birds |
authors |
| Triangular |
Most species |
Vollmerhaus and Sinowatz[10], McLelland[30], McLelland[33],Grant and Temeles[35] and Parchami et al. [14] |
| Elongated tubular |
hummingbirds, sunnybirds and woodpeckers |
Campbell and Lack [25]andIwasaki [36]. |
| Elongated flat |
water fowl, such as geese and ducks |
Vollmerhaus and Sinowatz[10], Iwasaki et al.[36], Iwasaki and Kobayashi [19]. |
| Very small |
some fish eating birds such as pelicans and cormorants |
Campbell and Lack [25]. |
| small mushroom-shaped |
cormorant |
Jackowiak et al.[15]. |
|
