Parameter      Control Cd GSE Cd + GSE MDA(nmol/mg protein) 3.1 ±.13 8.6 ± 0.29a 2.9 ± 0.07 4.5 ± 0.17b CAT(U/mgprotein) 6.13 ± 0.94 4.15 ±0.67a 5.81 ± 0.36 5.64 ± 0.34b SOD(U/mg protein) 3.36 ± 0.89 2.24 ± 0.67a 3.24 ±0.79 3.05 ± 0.71b GPx(U/mg protein) 91.6 ±1.68 47.4 ±1.11a 89.4 ± 1.29 74.4 ±1.57b TAC(μmol/L) 0.79 ±0.05 0.05 ± 0.02a 0.75 ± 0.06 0.55 ± 0.08b

Table 1: Effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on pro-oxidant markers and antioxidant enzymes levels in lung of Cd challenged rats. Results are expressed as mean ± SD for 10 rats/group. a: Value significantly different from control group (p<0.05). b: Value significantly different from Cd group (p<0.05). MDA: malondialdehyde; CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; TAC: total antioxidant capacity.