Selected Organism                   BGS-1                   BGS-2                  AntibioticA
DDB MICC DDB MICC DDB MICC
Bacterial strains            
Staphylococcus aureus 22.8 ± 1.2 199.3 ± 2.9 24.8 ± 1.3 159.3 ± 3.2 28.8 ± 0.8 105.3 ± 2.7
Bacillus subtilis 23.6 ± 0.9 182.6 ± 2.9 25.6 ± 0.7 132.6 ± 2.4 29.6 ± 0.7 87.6 ± 2.4
Pasturella multocida 21.8 ± 0.6 215.6 ± 1.8 22.8 ± 0.6 198.6 ± 1.2 31.8 ± 0.2 78.6 ± 1.6
Escherichia coli 19.6 ± 1.3 231.3 ± 2.3 21.6 ± 1.3 215.3 ± 1.7 28.6 ± 1.9 99.3 ± 2.5
Fungal strains            
Candida albicans, 17.3 ± 0.9 249.3 ± 2.6 18.3 ± 1.2 239.3 ± 2.1 27.3 ± 1.2 118.3 ± 2.8
Aspergillus flavus 13.3 ± 0.8 272.6 ± 1.8 12.3 ± 1.3 282.6 ± 1.7 25.3 ± 1.3 131.6 ± 1.9
Fusarium solani 17.5 ± 1.2 247.6 ± 1.5 18.5 ± 1.6 239.6 ± 1.8 29.5 ± 2.6 89.6 ± 1.4
Microsporum canis 19.3 ± 0.6 232.1 ± 1.8 21.3 ± 0.5 218.1 ± 1.2 27.5 ± 0.3 117.2 ± 2.3
Values (mean ± SD) are average of three samples of each BGS sample, analyzed individually in triplicate (n = 1x3 x 3), (P < 0.05);
A Amoxiclin (30 μg/disk) for bacterial and Flumequine (30 μg/disk) for fungal strains.
B DD, Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) including disc diameter of 6 mm.
C MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL).
Table 4: Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of bitter gourd seed (BGS) oil against selected bacterial and fungal strains.