| Signal Transduction |
| Electrochemical |
Amperometric; Conductometric; Impidometric; Potentiometric |
| Optical |
Absorption; Fluorescence/phosphorescence; Bio/chemiluminescence; Reflectance; Raman scattering; Refractive index |
| Mass sensitive |
Surface acoustic wave biosensors; Cantilever biosensors; Piezoelectric biosensors |
| Thermometric |
Calorimetric biosensors |
| Recognition molecule |
| Antibodies |
Monoclonal; Polyclonal |
| Protein receptors |
Metatropic receptors; Ionotropic receptors |
| Whole cells |
Microbial sensors; Mammalian cells; Tissues; Bacterial endospores |
| Nucleic acids |
Hybridization; Low weight compound interaction |
| Enzymes |
|
