Pre-treatment Method |
Harvesting periods (months) |
Temperature (°C) |
60 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
Untreated |
7 |
1.80 ± 0.02cd |
2.06 ± 0.14d |
6.48 ± 0.03bcd |
10.47 ± 0.10a |
8 |
1.99 ± 0.11cd |
2.29 ± 0.40cd |
5.06 ± 0.08f |
8.87 ± 0.03cd |
9 |
1.98 ± 0.08cd |
2.01 ± 0.13d |
6.17 ± 0.15d |
10.39 ± 0.06a |
10 |
2.43 ± 0.59bc |
1.92 ± 0.13d |
5.42 ± 0.25ef |
8.90 ± 0.03cd |
11 |
1.84 ± 0.04cd |
2.07 ± 0.01d |
5.17 ± 0.23f |
9.82 ± 0.18b |
Soaking (ambient temperature) |
7 |
1.61 ± 0.03d |
1.96 ± 0.07d |
5.38 ± 0.03ef |
7.25 ± 0.07g |
8 |
2.05 ± 0.07cd |
2.01 ± 0.02d |
4.32 ± 0.02g |
7.81 ± 0.03f |
9 |
2.03 ± 0.34cd |
2.09 ± 0.40d |
6.73 ± 0.04abc |
9.73 ± 0.06b |
10 |
2.01 ± 0.01cd |
2.21 ± 0.16d |
5.16 ± 0.10f |
9.16 ± 0.07c |
11 |
1.95 ± 0.08cd |
2.62 ± 0.51bcd |
5.73 ± 0.06e |
9.58 ± 0.03b |
Soaking (60°C) |
7 |
1.94 ± 0.04cd |
2.08 ± 0.40d |
6.36 ± 0.06cd |
9.76 ± 0.03b |
8 |
2.10 ± 0.12bcd |
2.13 ± 0.46d |
5.16 ± 0.08f |
9.54 ± 0.17b |
9 |
2.29 ± 0.02bcd |
2.51 ± 0.06bcd |
6.23 ± 0.04d |
8.37 ± 0.04e |
10 |
2.80 ± 0.03b |
3.25 ± 0.36bc |
6.57 ± 0.04bcd |
8.71 ± 0.02d |
11 |
2.00 ± 0.01cd |
3.42 ± 0.35b |
4.00 ± 0.01g |
9.84 ± 0.06b |
Parboiled |
7 |
5.57 ± 0.01a |
6.16 ± 0.06a |
6.33 ± 0.03cd |
7.16 ± 0.08g |
8 |
5.07 ± 0.08a |
5.68 ± 0.07a |
5.70 ± 0.11e |
6.36 ± 0.04h |
9 |
5.41 ± 0.16a |
5.44 ± 0.04a |
7.01 ± 0.03a |
6.18 ± 0.08h |
10 |
5.39 ± 0.23a |
6.45 ± 0.07a |
6.32 ± 0.11cd |
7.34 ± 0.08g |
11 |
5.58 ± 0.11a |
5.70 ± 0.05a |
6.86 ± 0.08ab |
7.29 ± 0.10g |
Values with the same superscript down the column were not significant different (p < 0.05) |