Flour formulations (for cookies) Reaction gradient Antioxidant activity
 (μ mol TEper g DM)
Total phenolic content (mg GAE per g DM) Total anthocyanin content (mg C3G per g DM)
100% Rice flour   Before baking 128.8 ± 6.48f 0.196 ± 0.009 f 0.164 + 0.012h
After baking 121 ± 4.19f 0.175 ± 0.007 f 0.117 ± 0.006g
% Loss in activity after baking 6.01 ± 2.11i 10.64 ± 3.73 j 28.57 ± 1.77 m
100% Rice flour + 10% BP   Before baking 179.26 ± 6.54e 0.297 ± 0.038e 0.284 ± 0.013f
After baking 172.16 ± 6.29e 0.261 ± 0.046d 0.165 ± 0.007e
% Loss in activity after baking 3.95 ± 0.87j 12.34 ± 7.08 k 41.89 ± 0.31 n
% increase of activity after fortification in baked product 42.31 ± 4.19k 31.69 ± 8.75 l 52.09 ± 9.21 o
50% Rice flour + 50% Quinoa flour   Before baking 161.67 ± 7.91h 0.252 ± 0.008j 0.156 ± 0.014l
After baking 152.06 ± 3.49h 0.225 ± 0.004i 0.111 ± 0.006k
% Loss in activity after baking 5.86 ± 2.48 i 10.68 ± 1.72 j 28.71 ± 2.38 m
50% Rice flour + 50% Quinoa flour+ 10% BP   Before baking 208.42± 7.22g 0.325 ± 0.007h 0.251 ±0.013j
After baking 200.06 ± 9.14g 0.285 ± 0.012g 0.146 ±0.006i
% Loss in activity after baking 4.02 ± 2.11 j 12.32 ± 2.71k 41.81 ± 1.35 n
% increase of activity after fortification in baked product 49.04 ± 21.36 k 26.70 ± 6.09m 40.04 ± 5.01 p
100% Quinoa flour   Before baking 233.83 ± 10.71d 0.252 ± 0.013c 0.173 ± 0.026 d
After baking 220.04 ± 9.22 c 0.225 ± 0.005c 0.123 ± 0.007 c
% Loss in activity after baking 5.88 ± 0.54 i 10.62 ± 2.63j 28.22 ± 6.55 m
100% Quinoa flour + 10% BP   Before baking 347.67 ± 6.02b 0.361 ± 0.009b 0.352 ± 0.011b
After baking 334.16 ± 9.82a 0.315 ± 0.011a 0.204 ± 0.011a
% Loss in activity after baking 3.87 ± 2.88j 12.75 ± 0.74 k 42.05 ± 2.12n
% increase of activity after fortification in baked product 41.07 ± 1.35 k 31.62 ± 3.66 l 66.01 ± 8.33q
Results are expressed as Mean ± Standard deviation.. Values with different superscripts (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q) in a column differ significantly (p < 0.05).
Table 4b: Antioxidant properties of cookies due to fortification with freeze-dried blueberry power