Food-frying efficiency Working posture Subjective rating Subjective preference Total Bent angle 0° 0   -1   0   0   -1     15° +1   0   +1   +1   +3     30° 0   0   0   0   0     45° -1   +1   -1   -1   -2   Handle length 25 cm +1   +1   +1   +1   +4     30 cm -1   -1   -1   -1   -4

Note: The highest level of Duncan’s multiple range test, the spatula(s) obtains +1. The lowest level of Duncan’s multiple range test, the spatula(s) obtains -1.

Table 3: Comprehensive comparison of the four criteria used to evaluate the spatulas.