Population Iraq1 India2 Malaysia3 Africa4 German5 US Caucasian6 Sample size 320 98 195 111 200 604 No. of variant sites 28 83 149 97 153 233 A→G 64 233 473 323 330 1112 G→A 34 66 81 78 55 219 T→C 40 145 461 382 308 1007 C→T 28 117 321 486 199 688 % Transition 93.26 94.85 92.16 95.77 95.61 97.61 A→T 2 1 2 0 4 2 A→C 0 23 81 15 5 47 G→T 0 0 0 18 0 1 G→C 6 0 3 0 1 6 C→A 0 0 30 17 11 12 C→G 2 4 1 6 19 6 T→A 2 7 5 0 1 0 T→G 0 0 3 0 0 0 % Transversion 6.74 5.15 7.84 4.23 4.39 2.39 Insertion 0 168 322 140 291 983 Deletion 0 0 28 6 6 14 Note: % of transitions and transversions were calculated as number of observations divided by total substitution times 100. 1This study. 2Reference: [16], 3Reference: [17], 4Reference: [17], 5Reference: [18], 6Reference: [17].

Table 3: Comparisons of the characteristics across HV1 of the D-loop region in different human population groups.