| Levels |
Domains |
Illustrations |
Types of causality |
| Elementary particles |
Physics, mathematics |
Stochastic events participate in synaptic transmission and plasticity. |
Physical theory |
| Molecular |
Biochemistry, genetics |
Neurotransmitters fixed to NMDA receptors can lead to a chain of chemical reactions that modifies the neurones gene’s expression. |
Mechanical |
| Unicellular |
Neurobiology |
Chronic alcohol consumption makes NMDA glutamate receptors hypersensitive to glutamate and desensitised GABAergic receptors. This explains the state of excitability following alcohol withdrawal. |
Mechanical |
| Multicellular |
Neurobiology |
Endogenous opioid system regulates neurochemical effects of alcohol on striatal dopamine turnover. |
Mechanical |
| Organism |
Cognitive neuroscience |
Electroencephalogram coupled to transcranial magnetic stimulation has shown that alcohol reduces the excitability of the prefrontal cortex. |
Mechanical , probabilistic |
| Population |
Psychology, epidemiology |
Acute consumption of alcohol decreases cognition and reaction time. Blood alcohol concentrations of 1.5 g/dL is associated to a 20 fold increased risk of road accidents. |
Modeling, probabilistic |
| Community |
Social epidemiology, social psychology, law |
Social anxiety, expectancies, and self-efficacy interact and are associated to drinking behaviours in college students. |
Modeling, probabilistic, non-conformity |
| Ecosystem |
Ecology |
People who consumed alcohol had lower loss of bone mineral density related to seasonal changes. |
Mechanical, probabilistic, modeling |
