| Syndrome |
Mean age of onset |
Parathyroid pathology |
Clinical treatment |
| MEN1 |
20-25 years |
Multiglandular hyperplasia and/or adenoma |
Subtotal parathyroidectomy of hyperplastic and/or adenomatous parathyroids; or total parathyroidectomy with healthy tissue reimplantation in the non-dominant forearm, in case of pathological involvement of all four parathyroids |
| MEN2A |
Over 30 years |
Single or multiglandular hyperplasia and/or adenoma |
Specific resection on only the hyperplastic and/or adenomatous parathyroids |
| MEN4 |
Over 45 years |
Single or multiglandular hyperplasia and/or adenoma |
Specific resection on only the hyperplastic and/or adenomatous parathyroids |
| FHH |
All ages |
Multiglandular mildly hyperplastic parathyroids |
Parathyroidectomy is not only unnecessary but also inappropriate, since it does not cure FHH-associated hypercalcemia |
| NSHPT |
At birth or within the first six months of life |
Multiglandular markedly hyperplastic parathyroids |
Total parathyroidectomy |
| HPT-JT |
Over 30 years |
Single or multiglandular (usually two glands) cystic adenoma.
Carcinomas in 10-15% of cases |
Subtotal parathyroidectomy of adenomatous and/or carcinomatous parathyroids, or total parathyroidectomy, with healthy tissue reimplantation in the non-dominant forearm, in case of adenoma involvement of all four parathyroids. |
| FIPH |
N.R. |
Single or multiglandular adenoma |
Subtotal parathyroidectomy of adenomatous parathyroids, or total parathyroidectomy, with healthy tissue reimplantation in the non-dominant forearm, in case of adenoma involvement of all four parathyroids. |
Footnotes: N.R.=not reported