Cell employed Dose and route of delivery Side effects References SM Intramyocardial Ventricular arrhythmias in 4/10 patients, 2 deaths Menasche et al. J Am Coll Cardiol.2003;41:1078–1083. Injection; 871×106 cells SM Intramyocardial; 196±105×106 Ventricular arrhythmias in 1/5 patients Smits et al. J Am CollCardiol. 2003;42:2063–2069. cells SM Intramyocardial; 4×105 cells Ventricular arrhythmias in 4/10 patients, 1 death Siminiak et al. Am Heart J. 2004;148:531–537. SM Percutaneous transcoronary venous; 100×106 cells No major complications reported Siminiak et al. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1188–1195. SM Intramyocardial; 15×106 cells No major complications reported Biagini et al. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006;8:641–648. BMMNCs Intramyocardial; 25.6±6.3×106 One sudden cardiac death Perin et al. Circulation. 2003;107:2294–2302. cells BMMNCs Intramyocardial; 25.6±6.3×106 No major complications reported Perin et al. Circulation. 2004;110:II213–II218. cells BMMNCs Intracoronary; 16.7×106 cells No major complications reported Blatt et al. Am Heart J. 2005;150:986. BMMNCs Intracoronary; 28 to 32 ×106 No major complications reported Gao et al. Am J cells Cardiol. 2006;98:597–602. BMMNCs Intramyocardial; 94±14×106 cells One death due to heart failure Beeres et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1094–1098. BMMNCs Intramyocardial; 30×106 cells No major complications reported Perin et al. Am Heart J. 2011;161:1078–87.e3. MSCs Intramyocardial; 20, 100, 200×106 cells One patient in each group was hospitalized for HF Hare et al (POSEIDON). JAMA. 2012;308:2369–2379 CSCs Intracoronary; 1×106 cells No major complications reported Bolli et al (SCIPIO). Lancet. 2011;378:1847–1857. CSCs Intracoronary; 12.5–25×106 Four cell-treated patients had serious adverse Makkar et al (CADUCEUS). Lancet. 2012;379:895–904. cells events

Table 1: Side effect after cardiac cell therapy. SM, skeletal myoblast; BMMNCs, bone marrow mononuclear cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; CSCs, cardiac stem cells HF, heart failure.