The effects on the activity of OH• (a), T-AOC (b), CAT (c), GR (d) and SOD (e) by either bulk alumina or nano-alumina were significantly different ( OH•: F = 4728.1, P <0.0001; T-AOC: F = 10,746.0, P <0.0001; CAT: F = 547.67, P <0.0001; GR: F = 683.77, P <0.0001; SOD: F = 197,352, P <0.0001), and significant differences were also found between different concentrations (OH•: F =2373.1, P <0.0001; T-AOC: F = 2,328.37, P <0.0001; CAT: F = 137.24, P <0.0001; GR: F = 276.05, P <0.0001; SOD: F = 39,148.4, P <0.0001). According to a pairwise comparison of the different concentrations, no significant difference was found in the activities of the five anti-oxidant systems indicators when conjugation was induced by bulk alumina (P >0.05), but nano-alumina caused a significant difference in the activities of the five anti-oxidant system indicators (OH•:P <0.05; T-AOC:P <0.01; CAT: P< 0.05, except for 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L [t = -1.39468, P = 0.1784]; GR: P <0.01, except for 0 and 0.05 mmol/L [t = -0.43648, P = 0.6672], 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L [t = -2.04608, P = 0.0541]; SOD: P <0.05, except for 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L [t = 0.11213, P = 0.9118]).
