Table 1

Cytokine	NP-naive	NP-IT 10% surfactant	NP- IT (S)-MWCNTs	P-naive	P-IT 10% surfactant	P-IT (S)-MWCNTs	P-IV DPPC/RSA	P-IV (D)-MWCNTs
IL1β (pg/ml)	56.0 ± 38.5	10.1 ± 3.8	7.3 ± 5.4	14.6 ± 7.1^†	42.1 ± 7.1	15.8 ± 5.7*	70.2 ± 17.3^#	45.0 ± 12.5
IL6 (pg/ml)	1245.0 ± 826.0	640.0 ± 208.2	485.0 ± 209.0	77.9 ± 72.8	215.3 ± 62.6	183.0 ± 128.8	126.8 ± 92.1	229.4 ± 115.5
IL10 (pg/ml)	21.7 ± 9.0	13.4 ± 4.8	10.2 ± 6.4	5.8 ± 3.7	9.6 ± 4.4	7.3 ± 3.6	16.4 ± 6.0	9.8 ± 4.2
INFγ(pg/ml)	338.4 ± 135.3	189.6 ± 33.6	174.1 ± 57.3	198.5 ± 50.5	106.4 ± 10.8^†	131.0 ± 36.8	273.1 ± 102.2	242.0 ± 50.1
MCP1 (pg/ml)	823.2 ± 223.9	467.0 ± 106.6	540.2 ± 248.9	288.1 ± 96.0^†	492.9 ± 27.0	336.2 ± 96.5	510.6 ± 54.8	478.2 ± 36.2
VEGF (pg/ml)	53.7 ± 15.4	30.1 ± 4.3	29.4 ± 7.5	510.2 ± 111.9^†	377.4 ± 81.1^†	476.6 ± 42.2^†	421.8 ± 63.0	432.8 ± 56.6
TNFα (pg/ml)	40.9 ± 12.83	30.3 ± 4.6	27.0 ± 8.9	6.8 ± 3.9^†	45.3 ± 10.2^#	23.9 ± 9.9	43.7 ± 13.3^#	34.1 ± 10.4^#

IT: intratracheal instillation and IV: intravenous administration, P: pregnant and NP: non-pregnant, N/A: not available
MWCNT: Multi-wall carbon nanotube, 10% surfactant: 10 % surfactant in saline, (S)-MWCNTs: MWCNT suspended in 10% surfactant, DPPC/RSA: vehicle used for IV MWCNT delivery and (D)-MWCNTs: MWCNT suspended in DPPC/RSA.
*indicates p < 0.05 when compared to the dispersion medium of each route, # indicates p < 0.05 when compared to naïve and
^†indicates p < 0.05 when compared to same treatment in non – pregnant.

Table 1: Cytokine levels in maternal serum 24 hours post-exposure to MWCNTs.
The maternal serum cytokines were evaluated using Milliplex MAP Cytokine/Chemokine Panel and Immunoassay (EMD Millipore MA, USA). The assays were run using Luminex 100/200 (Luminex, Austin, TX) and results reported using Luminex xPONENT^® software versions 2.3/3.1. The mean and the SEM are reported for serum cytokines of pregnant and non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 5 - 8).