Cytokine Treatment Concentration of cytokine (pg/ml) ± SEM Fold change, with respect to
Control TG TG-F
IL-2 Control 19.05 ± 0.15      
TG48 18.05 ± 0.15 (-) 1.06#    
TG48F 20.40 ± 0.70   (+) 1.13  
TG48MF 20.25 ± 1.15   (+) 1.12 (-) 1.01
IL-4 Control 15.25 ± 0.05      
TG48 15.65 ± 0.35 (+) 1.03    
TG48F 17.50 ± 0.20   (+) 1.12*  
TG48MF 19.85 ± 0.95   (+) 1.27* (+) 1.13
IL-5 Control 14.60 ± 0.20      
TG48 13.85 ± 0.55 (-) 1.05    
TG48F 15.30 ± 0.30   (+) 1.10  
TG48MF 15.85 ± 1.75   (+) 1.14 (+) 1.04
IFN-γ Control 10.75 ± 0.45      
TG48 12.10 ± 0.30 (+) 1.13    
TG48F 12.45 ± 1.65   (+) 1.03  
TG48MF 12.90 ± 1.60   (+) 1.07 (+) 1.04
TNF-α Control 10.80 ± 1.10      
TG48 10.30 ± 0.30 (-) 1.05    
TG48F 10.55 ± 1.05   (+) 1.02  
TG48MF 10.60 ± 1.40   (+) 1.03 (+) 1.01
(#: p<0.05 versus Control; *: p<0.05 versus TG; *: p<0.05 versus TG-F)
Table 14: Concentration (in pg/ml) of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ and TNF-α, in peripheral blood, after 48 h of treatment, assayed using BD CBA Mouse Th1/Th2 Cytokine Kit. Cytokine analysis shows an increase in the levels of the cytokines with both, fisetin and MCN+fisetin, compared to TG.