Figure 5: Serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations following IT instillation of AgNP or AgAc. Serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines 1 day and 7 days after IT instillation. Cytokines IL-1β (A), IL-6 (C), IL-18 (D), and TNFα (E) were elevated compared to citrate vehicle 1 day following IT instillation. At 7 days following instillation only TNFα (H) remained elevated above vehicle. b denotes statistical significance from vehicle. c denotes difference compared to 1mg/ml AgAc p<0.05 by t-test, Data are reported as mean ± SEM with n=4–5.