Injection volume (mL) INJECTION SYSTEMS Water vapor Surfactant solutions Microemulsion Nanoemulsion 60%<cmc cmc 60%>cmc 500 29% 13% 21% 23% 60% 67% 1,750 32% 28% 58% 60% 67% 85% 3,000 66% 59% 67% 67% 86% 88%

Table 2: Removal efficiency of diesel soil as a function of injection volumes using different systems of steam.