Tested bacteria |
Mean zone of inhibition (mm) ± SD |
Ginger |
Black cumin |
Thyme |
Clove |
peppermint |
Gram-negative:
E. coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
7.30 ± 0.11d
8.00 ± 0.15c |
5.30 ± 0.11e 9.50 ± 0.41a |
11.30 ± .55b
7.30 ± 0.17d |
9.30 ± 0.15c
3.00 ± 0.14e |
20.00 ± 0.26a
8.70 ± 0.20b |
Gram-postive:
Bacillus cereus
Lactococcus lactis
Listeria monocytogens
Staphylococcus aureus |
4.30 ± 0.11e
13.00 ± 0.19b
12.30 ± 0.22c
0.00 ± 0.0b |
9.30 ± 0.15a
8.30 ± 0.35c
7.00 ± 0.11d
0.00 ± 0.0b |
5.60 ± 0.15c
7.00 ± 0.11d
5.60 ± 0.35e
0.00 ± 0.0b |
5.00 ± 0.20d
5.00 ± 0.16e
14.30 ± 0.22a
4.00 ± 0.18a |
7.00 ± 0.10b
19.50 ± 1.00a
13.00 ± 0.30b
0.00 ± 0.0b |