Antibody |
Source |
Action |
| IgA |
Secretory IgA produced by mucosal tissues and fallopian tubes [67] |
Inhibits microbial adherence to surfaces
Agglutinating resident microbes [68,69] |
| |
|
Reducing the hydrophobic nature of the microbes [70] |
| |
|
Blocking microbial adhesions [71] |
| |
|
Rendering viruses ineffective. Aggregating virus particles [72] |
| |
|
Neutralizing microbial toxins and enzymes. Blocking binding to target cells [73] |
| |
|
Inhibiting penetration of antigen into the mucosa. Binding soluble antigens and facilitating removal by mucus flow [68] |
| |
|
Opsonization of microbes for mucosal phagocytes. Coating pathogen with IgA [68] |
| |
|
Stimulating antibody-assisted cell-mediated immunity. Inducing complement-independent antibacterial action of monocytes [74] |
| |
|
Augmenting T-cell antimicrobial activity (specifically against T cells) [75] |
| |
|
Promoting activity of innate immunity [76] |
| |
|
Increasing microbe trapping of mucin by mimicking microbe receptor sites [77] |
| IgG |
Transudate from blood stream [67]
Actively transported [78]
Locally produced [79] |
Direct action against bacteria and viruses. Immune exclusion of HIV particles [80]; binding, agglutination of bacteria, complement activation [81] |
