Skin structure

Enzyme acitvity

Sex steroid receptors

17 β-HSD

3β-HSD

5α-reductase

Aromatase

AR

ERβ

         ERα

Epidermal keratinocytes

+
(4- isotypes)

 

+
(1- isotype)

 

+

+

 

Melanocytes

 

 

 

 

+

+

+

Hair follicles

 

 

+
(1- isotype)
(2- isotype in beard)

 

 

 

 

Follicular keratinocytes

 

 

 

 

+

+

 

Root sheath

+
(2- isotype)

 

 

+

 

+

 

Matrix epithelium

 

 

 

 

+

+

 

Dermal papilla cells

 

 

 

+

+

+

 

Sebaceous glands

+
(3- and 5- isotypes)

+
(1- isotype)

+
(1- isotype)

+

+

+

+

Sweat glands

 

 

+
(1- isotype)

 

+

 

 

Eccrine

 

 

 

 

 

+

 

Apocrine

 

 

+

 

+

+

 

Dermal fibroblasts

 

 

 

 

+

+

+

Endothelial cells

 

 

 

 

+

+

 

HSD: Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; AR: androgen receptor; ERß: estrogen receptor-beta; ERa: Estorgen receptor-alpha
Table 3: Localization of sex steroidogenic enzymes and androgen and estrogen receptor activity in the skin.